What factors lead to either dominant or recessive traits appearing in offsprings

Alleles

Explanation:

In diploid organism, genes occur in pairs on chromosomes and such pairs are referred to as allelic pairs. An allele is an alternative form of the same gene that controls the development of a pair of contrasting traits.

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.