Explain why advanced age has an effect on a woman’s eggs, but not necessarily a man’s sperm.

Due to reduced rate of egg production and several disorders caused by hormonal imbalances

Explanation:

Women lose their fertility at the age of 45 while men are able to produce sperm throughout their life. The reasons however for this are not very clear but it has been found that the rate of production of egg decreases with the advancement of age of females. Also the quality of egg degrades thereby reducing the likelihood of an egg being genetically normal. A woman along with faces several disorders due to the hormonal imbalances and one of these disorders is PCOS, ovarian insufficiency etc., which lead to distorted pattern of menstrual cycle.

fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

explanation:

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