Anursing student notes the characteristics of middle-range theories.
which points noted by the nursing student are accurate? select all that apply.

a. middle-range theories are systematic and broad in scope and complexity.
b. middle-range theories provide a basis to nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response.
c. middle-range theories do not address a specific phenomenon and do not reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching.
d. middle-range theories include mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty.
e. middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations.