How does probability affect dominant and recessive alleles?

As alleles assort independently, hence the chances of a gamete getting either the dominant or recessive allele are the same. however, as the dominant allele can even show their effect when a heterozygous gamete is formed hence a dominant trait is more usually seen. But there might be situations where the recessive trait is more common than the dominant trait. For example, Huntington's disease is caused due to dominant alleles whereas the normal person is recessive for it.

the answer to your question is:

c. complementary base-pairing

there are so many examples for that in different areas, like biology experiment carried out in our lab recently.

here's one link: