Describe how plant genes can be manipulated using the ti plasmid carried by agrobacterium as a vector.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacteria that cause crown gall disease in plants. This bacterium enters in plant cell through the wound and releases Ti plasmid in bacteria cytoplasm. The T DNA present in the plasmid integrates into the plant genome and cause crown gall disease in plant.

Therefore this quality of Ti plasmid is used in genetic engineering to manipulate plant gene. A desired gene can be introduced in the place of T DNA of Ti plasmid and then this agrobacterium is used to infect a plant.

This will allow the bacterial Ti plasmid to integrate the desired DNA fragment in the host plant cells. So by this method plant genes can be manipulated.

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