Describe the possible effects of a mutation on an organism

Explanation:

Mutation is a change; whether small or big, in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism. It can occur as a result of mistakes during replication or copying of genetic material or can be induced by mutagens (mutation-causing components).

Most mutations that occur in the genome of organisms usually have no effect on the phenotypic expression of that organism. This is so because mutations can be silent in the sense that although it changes the nucleotide sequence but it does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

However, some mutations can occur and change the amino acid sequence of a protein leading to the synthesis of a different protein. This protein can either be beneficial or detrimental depending on what it does to the organism.

In the case of beneficial mutation, the produced protein can confer the ability to adapt better to an environment on the organism. A vivid example is the mutation that occurs in bacteria, which makes it gain resistance to certain antibiotics. This mutation is beneficial to the bacterial organism.

On the other hand, the different protein produced may not be functional and hence lead to deficiency in the organism's functioning. An example is the mutation that causes deficiency of insulin protein in humans. This kind of mutation is said to be deleterious or harmful.

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