Which term describes the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing damage to the esophageal cells and the sensation of heartburn? a. lymphatic malabsorption b. watery stools c. gastroesophageal reflux d. celiac disease e. colitis

c. Gastroesophageal reflux

Explanation:

Gastroesophageal reflux Disease (GERD) is a long-term condition that occurs due to inadequate closure of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Heartburn, also called acid indigestion, is the most common symptom of GERD and usually feels like a burning chest pain beginning behind the breastbone and moving upward to the neck and throat. Many people say it feels like food is coming back into the mouth leaving an acid or bitter taste.

Doctors recommend lifestyle and dietary changes for most people needing treatment for GERD.

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'