The shape of the beaks of darwin's finches and industrial melanism are often cited as examples of the process of leading to evolutionary change.
a. artificial selection
b. coevolution
c. intelligent design
d. founder effect
e. natural selection

The answer is natural selection

Explanation:

Natural selection explains how certain desirable traits like;

- shape of the beaks of Darwin's finches: to help them feed more easily

- industrial melanism to raise a population of dark-coloured organisms to evolve from pre-existing light coloured ones in industrial areas where the surrondings are blackened with soot;

are favored over LESS DESIRABLE TRAITS, resulting in organisms that are most suited/adapted to thrive in an environment, which is evolutionary change

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).

answer///multiple alleles;