Which kingdom(s) include organisms that are autotrophic or heterotrophic?
a. plantae
b. animalia
c. archaebacteria and animalia
d. protista and eubacteria

Answer : The correct answer is -

D.Protista and Eubacteria.

Autotrophs are the organisms that can synthesise their own food using substances available in their surroundings with the help of either chemical energy (chemosynthesis) or light energy (photosynthesis).

Heterotrophs on the other hand, can not synthesise their own food and depend on either plants or animals.

Out of the given options, Protista and Eubacteria conatin autotrophs or heterotrophs.

Example- Protozoa (animal-like protists) are heterotrophs that ingest or absorb their food and helps.

Algae, which is a protist and obtains nutrition through photosythesis.

Slime moulds, which are fungus-like protists and are heterotrophic.

Cyanobacteria (also called blue green alage) is a photosynthetic bacteria (belongs to Eubacteria).

Out of the provided options, eubacteria and protista comprise of heterotrophs and autotrophs.  

Further Explanation:

Organisms who have the ability of making their own food from the resources available in their surroundings with the help of light or chemical energy are called autotrophs. Making food by using light energy is called photosynthesis and is often observed in green plants while making food using chemical energy is called chemosynthesis and is observed in methanogenic archaea.

Heterotrophs, on the other hand, refer to the organisms which are unable to manufacture their own food and they depend on other organisms for it. Protozoans, fungi, most bacteria, and all animals are known to be heterotrophs.  

Eubacteria are basically single-celled and complex. Most of the bacteria are found in Eubacteria. They are identified everywhere and are the ones individual are most familiar with. They are categorized in their own kingdom as their chemical makeup is distinct. The bacteria of this kingdom are called as chemotrophic, heterotrophic, and autotrophic. They are called heterotrophs as they can absorb organic substance in dead as well as living organisms. They can be autotrophs as they are able to make their own nutrition by the process of photosynthesis. Some of the examples of eubacteria are Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum.

Protists such as slime modes are called as odds and end kingdom as its members are so distinct from one another. They include all the microscopic organisms which are not bacteria, not plants, not animals, and also not of fungi. Most of them are unicellular and they have not been categorized into Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdom as protists are complex cells. Some of the examples include algae, Euglena, Plasmodium, and amoebas.

Learn more:

1.Learn more about

2.Learn more about

3.Learn more about

Answer details:

Grade: Junior school

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Classification of organism

Keywords:

Protista, eubacteria, algae, slime molds, bacteria, single celled, unicellular, microscopic organisms, amoeba, kingdom, Archaebacteria.