Evolution is a
A.
prediction because it makes an educated guess about events that will occur in the future.
B.
law because it has been proven without exception under certain stated conditions
C.
variable because it is a factor that can be changed during experimentation
D.
theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations experimentation, an
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D.  theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations experimentation.

Explanation:

According to the National Academy of Sciences, a theory is defined as:

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, and tested hypotheses.

A theory is a universal, well-substantiated explanation of natural phenomena that is backed up by a large body of evidence.

Evolution is not a prediction or hypothesis because it is a substantiated explanation that has been proved by many scientists through a wide range of scientific studies.

Evolution is a phenomena, not a variable. A variable is a factor used in an experimental design.

Finally, evolution is not a law because some of it's aspects such as natural selection and descent with modification cannot be proven in real time as it takes millions of years for new species to form.