According to your reading, how did the Ottoman rulers promote unity among such a diverse population?

By framing rules and laws and strictly following them

Explanation:

The diversified religious groups were maintained by millets. For each religious group there was one millet

The concept of unity was proclaimed in the article of 1876 of constitution of Ottoman empire. The concept of unity was publicized by the government through newspaper for achieving   economic and cultural prosperity.

Some minor measures such as admission to military on the basis of religious sects was prohibited and only deserving candidates were allowed to serve the army

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!

. ph changes the ability of them he enzyme to dissolve in water.