A potential difference exists between the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane of a cell. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. If 1.15 x 10-20 J of work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na ) from the interior of the cell, what is the magnitude of the potential difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the cell?

0.718* 10^-1 V volt is the potential difference required.

Explanation:

From the formula, W (input) =q( charge on the ion) *Potential difference

Work input in the form of energy is given = 1.15X10^-20 J

since Na^+ is positively charged with +1 so charge on it will be

1.6X10^-19 C

so,

Potential difference= work input/charge on the sodium ion

                                  =   1.15*10^-20 / 1.6*10^-19

                                    =  0.718* 10^-1 V

  Potential difference required between the inner and outer surfaces of the cell is 0.718 *10^-1

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•there must be variation for the particular trait within a population.

•the variation must be inheritable (that is, it must be capable of being passed on from the parents to their offspring).

•individuals with one version of the trait must produce more offspring than those with a different version of the trait.good

explanation: