While we can use molecular clocks based on molecular sequence data to estimate the times at which various lineages diverged, we ultimately need the to calibrate the clocks.

A) morphology
B) fossil record
C) radiometric data
D) B and C
E) All of the answer options are correct.

In the african savanna,more wildebeests are born than the environment can support. which is most likely to happen over a period of years as a result

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

Consider the skeleton. which skeletal system is represented by the shaded portion of the skeleton? spongy skeleton compact skeleton axial skeleton appendicular skeleton