Sharks (a type of cartilaginous fish) and trout (a type of bony fish) both obtain oxygen from the water through their gills. Interestingly, an accurate phylogenetic tree including only sharks, trout, and humans (a type of mammal) would place humans as the sister group to trout! This shows that gills are a:

a. synapomorphy that distinguishes trout and humans from sharks
b. plesiomorphy shared by sharks and trout, but secondarily lost in humans
c. synapomorphy used to distinguish fishes from mammals
d. plesiomorphy revealing why humans are distantly related to trout

(! ) what’s fracking and what does it have to do with carbon, carbon dioxide, or fossil fuels?

Populations of blue-winged warblers, a type of bird, migrate south in the winter and return to canadian breeding grounds in the spring. as global temperatures have increased due to climate change, spring has started arriving in the warbler's breeding grounds earlier in the year, before the warblers return. warblers now arrive at their breeding grounds too late to select ideal nesting sites and to feed on important early-spring food sources how are populations of blue-winged warblers most likely to be affected by the earlier arrival of spring? o a. populations will go extinct since the warblers will stop migrating to breeding grounds. b. populations will be unaffected since most species can quickly adapt to effects of climate change. c. populations will increase since warmer temperatures are generally beneficial to survival, d. populations will decline since individuals will be less likely to successfully reproduce, reset next

Actinobacteria sp. are fermenting organisms (which do you use oxygen to breathe) referred to as chemoorganohetereotrophs this means they break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material. which part of the carbon cycle does this describe