The first cells may have gained energy through a. redox reactions using diatomic oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor. b. ingesting algae present in the early oceans. c. light-driven ion pumps. d. the controlled oxidation of petroleum.

c. Through light-driven ion pumps

Explanation:

a. Through redox reactions using diatomic oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor❌

Oxygen was observed to be lacking on early Earth.

b. Through the controlled oxidation of petroleum❌

Petroleum is categorically a fossil fuel and couldn't be marked as being available or found on early Earth.

c. Through light-driven ion pumps✔✔✔

Light-energy that was derived from the sun was a ready and accessible source of energy that could have directed proton pumps in early or first cells.

d. Through ingesting algae present in the early oceans❌

Algae are known to be eukaryotes and was seen to have been established billions of years after the first cells developed.

c. light-driven ion pumps.

Explanation:

According to the records we know that the first cells took energy from the surrounding environment, and lived in the absence of O2, with the shortage of nutrients they began to obtain energy from sunlight and CO2 present in the atmosphere.

that scientist would be robert hooke

when you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. this increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. the intercostal muscles between your ribs also enlarge the chest cavity. they contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.