A dark-red strain and a white strain of wheat are crossed and produce an intermediate, medium-red F1. When the F1 plants are interbred, an F2 generation is produced in a ratio of 1 dark-red : 4 medium-dark-red : 6 medium-red : 4 light-red : 1 white Further crosses reveal that the dark-red and white F2 plants are true breeding.

a. Based on the ratios in the F2 population, how many genes are involved in the production of color?
b. How many additive alleles are needed to produce each possible phenotype?
c. Assign symbols to these alleles and list possible genotypes that give rise to the medium red and light red phenotypes.
d. Predict the outcome of the F1 and F2 generations in a cross between a true-breeding medium red plant and a white plant.

Why are scientists concerned about the depletion of the ozone levels in the stratosphere?

Diabetes is often suspected when glucose shows up in urine tests. use the model to explain how glucose could be present in urine. why do you think this symptom is especially concerning for young people?

(me out over the last several centuries, scientists have made the following broad observations while investigating several branches of the life sciences: -the fossil record shows that different types of organisms have existed at different times in earth's history. -many organisms have similar body structures that seem to be adapted to different ways of living in their environment. -organisms of different species often share similarities in stages of embryonic development. -many species share genetic similarities, and almost all organisms use the same basic building blocks to construct proteins. -often, the extent of two species' similarities can be predicted from their geographic closeness to each other. -a great deal of change has been observed among species that have experienced strong selective pressures through many generations. scientists have carefully considered and rigorously tested the observations listed above. when scientists offer a of these observations, they are making 1.) testable explanation, deductive explanation 2.) scientific interference, scientific law