A geneticist is conducting an experiment by making a testcross. She expects the offspring of the testcross to result in a 1:2:1 ratio. She wants to see if her data for the three phenotypic classes could be reasonably assumed to have deviated from the expected values by chance. How many degree(s) of freedom should she use when evaluating the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?

Each trait of a plant is determined a. an allele b. one gene c. a pair of genes d. one dominant gene

Maria wanted to grow a fern in her backyard. acting on a suggestion from a friend, she collected brown dots from the underside of a fern's leaves and then potted them. after a few days, maria saw small fern leaves erupting from the pot. which statement explains this phenomenon? a. the fern transitioned from gametophyte generation to sporophyte generation. b. the fern grew as a result of mitosis. c. the fern transitioned from sporophyte generation to gametophyte generation. d. the fern grew to be genetically identical to its parent plant.

Mike has a problem with his testosterone. he is unable to produce enough. which will most likely be affected by his inability to produce testosterone? check all that apply.