Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates. A region's present day or ancient climate is determined by taking several factors into account, including characteristics of the region’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Since direct observations of ancient climates are not available before the 19th century, paleoclimatologists rely remnants of evidence, such as sediments found in lake beds, ice cores, and tree rings. This information is then used to create mathematical climate models. Why do you think it’s important for scientists to study Earth’s past climates? What information are scientists likely to gain from investigating the Earth’s past? Since the data obtained by paleoclimatologists is not based on direct observations, can their discoveries and models be trusted? Why or why not?

Some natural processes record the variations in time. For example, the sediments found on the rocks acts to be the great proof  of the climate that existed in olden times.

Explanation:

Paleoclimatology is the study of climate records from hundreds to millions of years ago. Information for paleoclimate studies come from natural records. One of the most important natural record from which enormous information about the past climate can be known from the tree ring data. Another source include lake and ocean sediments that are found on the rocks and glaciers.

By measuring the width of Sample of tree rings, sediments , corals and ice, the chemical composition, and physical structure of each layer, scientists can also investigate the conditions present when each layer formed. The data of the natural records can be trusted as these prove to be the greatest source of study of ancient civilizations and how they survived in extreme climatic conditions.