The human gut microbiome is a collection of microbes that are necessary for proper function of the digestive system and that contribute to the overall health of the individual. Infants are colonized with these microbes at birth and their nutrition in the early days of life is important for supporting growth of these microbes. Milk sugars are important in development of the microbiome. Which of the following best explains how both lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-fucopentaose could contribute to proper development of an infant's microbiome?

Gut microbiome degrade the ingested milk sugars through a biochemical pathway, producing ATP required for the energy needs of infant.

Explanation:

The human breast milk fed on by infants  contains a high concentration of indigestible oligosaccharides which include lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-fucopentaose.

These milk sugars are utilized by microbes in the gut of infants, yielding lactate as the final product of metabolism and releasing several molecules of ATP as useful energy for use by the infant.

Thus, the presence of these gut microbes at birth, and the feeding of infant with breast milk is vital to fulfilling their energy needs

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.