Chronic diseases and conditions are caused by all of the following except: A. Pathogens. B. Lifestyle. C. Risk-taking behaviors. D. Occupational exposure. E. All of the above are causes.

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).

thats not even an aswer choice