1. In humans, we have 46 chromosomes in any somatic cell. Each of these is a pair. For example, you have two copies of chromosome number 1. You inherited one from your mother (in the egg cell) and one from your father (in the sperm cell). What do we call these pairs?

Homologous chromosomes

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are the pair of chromosomes that are contained in diploid organisms such as humans. There are 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, and 46 in total (44 non-sex chromosomes and 2 sex-chromosomes)

During gamete formation, the mother produces an egg cell with 23 chromosomes, and the father produces a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes. Both combines, fertilize and yield a single cell known as Zygote with 46 chromosomes (i.e 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes)