In chickens, comb shape is determined by two independent genes (R and P). A walnut comb is produced when at least one dominant allele R is present at one gene locus and at least one dominant allele P is present at a second gene locus (genotype R_ P_). A rose comb is produced when at least one dominant allele is present at the first locus and two recessive alleles are present at the second locus (genotype R_ pp). A pea comb is produced when two recessive alleles are present at the first locus and at least one dominant allele is present at the second (genotype rr P_). If two recessive alleles are present at the first and the second locus (rr pp), a single comb is produced. Give genotypes for comb shape of the parents in the following cross: Rose crossed with pea produces 2 walnut, 1 single, and 1 pea offspring.
a) RR pp × rr PP
b) Rr pp × rr Pp
c) Rr pp × rr PP
d) RR pp × rr Pp
e) Rr pp × Rr Pp

The energy needs of a human population are not affected by

The collared lizard is a species found in the desert southwest. male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. you predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. to test this prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. you selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. you placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. in 3 instances, the females did not mate with either type. create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull or brightly colored) on the x-axis. on the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen by females. using this graph, answer the following question(s). is it reasonable to conclude (i.e., is it supported by the data) that female collared lizards prefer more brightly colored male lizards over dull-colored males?

Which of these statements are true about scientific theories and hypothesis