Many species of fruit flies feed on fruit produced by fruit trees. A mutation arises in a population of fruit flies that causes its carriers to change their host plant preference from tree species A to a different species of fruit tree (B). These flies complete their whole life cycles on the host tree, from birth to courtship and reproduction to death. If host species A and the host species B occur in the same geographic location, what type of process could potentially lead to speciation between populations of fruit flies with a different host tree preference?

a. Sympatric
b. Peripatric
c. Danicapatricd. Allopatric

Option A.

Sympatric speciation

Explanation:

Sympatric speciation is a reproductive isolation or evolution of groups of species from the main population in the same geographical location.

The fruit flies changes their host plant to another due to specific characteristics posses by the choice host plant. It is a sympatric speciation because they occur in the same geographical location.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

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