Which of the following is required for a trait to become more common over time in a population? Group of answer choices

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

Why do oceanic plates tend to subduction when colliding with a continental plate

Both male and female gametes are created during the process of meiosis. the formation of male gametes is called spermatogenesis. after telophase il of spermatogenesis, there would be are all genetically male gametes created that