The relative strengths of covalent bonds and van der Waals interactions remain the same when tested in a vacuum or in water. However, this is not true of hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, whose bond strength is lowered considerably in the presence of water in comparison with the bond strength observed in a vacuum. Explain these observations.

Water is bolar

Explanation:

One side of the water molecule is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative. Water is made up of two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms. The bond in this arrangement is called a covalent bond. In addition to this, water is also called the universal solvent and is capable of sharing charges with a large amount of ionic compounds when mixed allowing them to be dissolved. In essence the strong bond is reduced. This weakens the ionic and hydrogen bonds in the presence of water. Next, in a vacuum, there are no other electrons to share charges with and the hydrogen and ionic bonds are said to be strong to an immeasurable amount, in some reports, infinity.

carbon

explanation:

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.