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Explanation:An artery is a blood vesssel which carry blood from the heart to the tissues and organs of the body, as opposed to veins, which carry blood from tissues and organs back to the heart. Build up of fatty deposits called plaques in the walls of the arteries is referred to as atherosclerosis.

Over time these deposits of cholesterol, fat in the smooth muscle cells that line the arteries are transformed into a thickened and sometimes calcified mass (atheroma).

Atheroma causes the arteries to narrow and lose their elasticity, which leads to a reduction in blood flow through the vessels.

When a blockage in an artery occurs, the tissue supplied by that artery is denied the nutrients found in blood, some of which are essential for life, such as oxygen.

The hardening and narrowing process of atherosclerosis takes many years, indeed decades, and initially causes no symptoms, but when fatty deposits build up to an extent that the artery is significantly damaged, it can result in any of the following.

Blood clots (thrombus)

Ischaemic stroke

Haemorrhagic stroke

Heart attack

High blood pressure

Renal failure

trachea, alveoli, lung capillaries, arteries