The insulin protein in humans helps control how much sugar is in our bloodstream. Diabetics do not correctly produce insulin and millions of diabetics must take insulin. Today, the human insulin protein can be mass-produced through a genetic engineering process using recombinant DNA. This insulin is biosynthesized by genetically manipulating certain bacteria, like E. coli. Commercially available recombinant DNA human insulin identical to pancreatic human insulin.
How can you explain the similarity of the two insulin proteins?
A) There are a variety of amino acid sequences for both the bacterial and human insulin protein.
B) Both the amino acid sequence and the transcription and translation of that code is identical in both organisms.
C) Scientists cut and paste to transcribe the correct nucleotide sequence in E. coli, as if it were being transcribed naturally in humans.
D) While the nucleotide sequences may vary in each organism, the process of translation reorders the nucleotides into the correct order of the insulin protein.