The characteristics of the active site microenvironment of an enzyme can be largely independent of individual catalytic mechanisms. In general, active site microenvironments promote catalysis in which of the following ways

(1) Providing an optimized orientation of the substrate.

(2) Decreasing the ∆G in reaction.

(3) Excluding excess water.

Explanation: The active sites of enzymes increase the rate of reaction because they decrease the activation energy of the reaction,and the physical microenvironment provides an optimal orientation of the substrate relative to reactive functional groups while excluding excess solvent,such as water.

Although some active sites may have amino acids that form salt bridges with the amino acids from a substrate,not all do, so this is not a generic strategy of active site microenvironments

*Gotten directly from Quizlet*

easy

explanation:

blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. as the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.