Lichens and mosses, followed by grasses and shrubs, slowly take root on a newly formed volcanic island. eventually the grasses and shrubs are replaced by pine trees, which remain as a stable community. what is the role of pine trees in the island ecosystem? a. climax community. b. pionner community. c. intermediate community

This is an event of primary succession since the cause of the succession is volcanic eruption or volcanic tendencies which creates poor soil for further growth. The lichens and mosses are called the pioneer community since they are the initial community to colonize the area and first forms of life. The pine trees are called the climax community since they are the stable community after succession. The answer is A.