The radiant energy of the Sun is used by autotrophs to produce

A. kinetic energy for cellular functions.
B. potential energy such as oils.
C. kinetic energy to make cell components.
D. potential energy such as carbohydrates.
E. All of the above

D. potential energy such as carbohydrates.

Explanation:

The process of photosynthesis is the light-harvesting process. The lights of different spectra especially blue and red are used for the photosynthesis process. This spectrum of light is a form of kinetic energy.

This kinetic energy is trapped by the thylakoid membrane of the chlorophyll. Then it helps in the excitation of electrons present in both photosystem 1 and 2. This results in the liberation of ATP and NADPH. This process is called a light reaction. In this reaction, water gets split and produce oxygen as the by-product of photosynthesis.

Then dark reaction occurs in the stroma. The ATP and NADPH produced in the light reaction used to produce sugar. This is a light-dependent reaction and produces carbohydrates. This sugar/ carbohydrates are used for various cellular functions of the cell and the excess sugar gets stored.

The stored carbohydrates are potential energy. In short, the kinetic energy of radiant light converts into chemical energy i.e. oxygen, ATP, and NADPH in the light reaction. This chemical energy again converts into stored sugar in dark reaction which is potential energy.

answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c