The structures of the cochlea are responsible forthe structures of the saccule and utricle are responsible for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ equilibrium, and semicircular ducts and ampulla are responsible for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ equilibrium.

Cochlea: Hearing

Saccule and utricle: maintenance of static equilibrium

Semicircular ducts and ampulla: maintenance of dynamic equilibrium

Explanation:

Hearing

We hear by funneling sound from the environment into the outer ear and causing

the tympanic membrane to vibrate. Those sound waves vibrations are transferred

into mechanical vibrations of the ossicles. Those mechanical vibrations cause

the oval window to move back and forth causing the perilymph of the inner ear to

begin wave-like motions. The perilymph fluid motion is transferred to the

endolymph and the wave motion is transformed into electrical impulses picked

up by the hairy cells of Corti and sent to the brain via the cochlear nerve. The

round window is responsible for absorbing the fluid wave vibrations and

releasing any increased pressure in the inner ear caused by the wave motion.

Balance

Balance is a choreographed arrangement that takes sensory information from a

variety of organs and integrates it to tell the body where it is in related to gravity

and the earth.

Information from the vestibular system of the inner ear (semicircular canals,

the saccule and the utricle) is sent to the brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord.

Potential balance abnormalities do not require conscious input from the cerebrum

of the brain. Abnormal vestibular signals cause the body to try to compensate by

making adjustments in posture of the trunk and limbs as well as making changes

in eye movement to adjust sight input into the brain.

There are three semicircular canals in the inner ear positioned at right angles to

each other like a gyroscope. They are able to sense changes in movement of the

body. With such changes, endolymph waves within the canals cause hair cells

located within their base to move. Position of the head is sensed by hair cells of

the utricle and saccule which is stimulated when the head moves and the

relationship to gravity changes.

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