Assume you were testing O2 production inside a closed chamber with organic spinach leaves. Theoretically, does light influence O2 production inside the closed chamber (with organic spinach leaves)

Yes

Explanation:

The oxygen in plants is released when the water is broken down into the hydrogen protons and the oxygen gas. This hydrolysis of water takes place during the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis as it requires the light.

If we want to study the effect of light on oxygen production in a closed chamber then we will find that the absence of light will decrease the production of the oxygen gas and the increase in cellular respiration.  This is due to the fact that water hydrolysis is the result of the light-dependent phase.

Thus, Yes is correct.

photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make atp. the glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. while water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.