In ferns, some leaves are "fertile" in that they bear sporangia. What are the structures in gymnosperms that are analogous to a leaf and sporangia? a) cone scale and pollen-producing b) sporangia seed coat and embryo c) cone scales and ovules d) cones and seeds

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.