1. growth
2. replacement
3. wound repair
4. prokaryotes
6. eukaryotes
7. chromosomes
8. chromosomes (I think this should be nucleosomes)
9. chromatids
10. the cell cycle
11. interphase
12. G1 phase
13. S phase
14. G2 phase
15. mitosis
16. cytokinesis
17. prophase
18. metaphase
19. anaphase
20. telophase
21. cancer
Explanation:
Cell division is the process where cells divide to form 2 identical daughter cells. This is important in the growth of an organism to a larger size, in the replacement of old cells, and in the healing of wounds such as cuts on the skin.
Cell division occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cell division occurs by binary fission, whereas eukaryotic cell division is more complex.
If cell division in eukaryotes such as humans occurs in a deregulated manner (i.e. checkpoints are ignored) it can lead to uncontrolled proliferation, which is one of the primary ways in which cancer can develop.
Eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromosomes. After cell division, they form sister chromatids that are ready to be divided into daughter cells. Option 8 should be nucleosomes (part of how the DNA is organized), but this is not an option in your worksheet. Also, number 5 is missing, which I think likely comes after number 4 (prokaryotes) and refers to the fact that prokaryotes only have a single chromosome).
Cell division in eukaryotes occurs through the cell cycle. Which has two phases: interphase and mitosis. The cell will spend most of its life in interphase, where it is waiting for the signals to divide, and then preparing to divide.
Interphase can be divided into G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase. G1 is the first "gap" phase, where the cell is making preparations before it can divide, such as ensuring conditions are favorable for cell division. Then the DNA is synthesised in the S phase, i.e., this is where DNA replication takes place. G2 phase is the final stage before the mitosis phase, where the cell checks the DNA has been correctly replicated before proceeding to mitosis.
Mitosis is the process where the cell divides the chromosomes into two identical daughter cells and divides. The 4 phases are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. These phases are followed by cytokinesis, which is where the cell cytoplasm physically splits to produce the two daughter cells.
