Interestingly, even though hemophilia in the royal families began in England, they were actually the only one of these four families to NOT be affected by it. If Alice's daughter Alix had accepted a marriage proposal from George V, this may have changed history greatly. If we were to rewrite history, pairing Alix and George V together, what is the probability any of their offspring would have hemophilia?

Alice's daughter Alix =X X*   George V= XY Progeny  are;XX, XY, X*X, X*Y 50 % males would be  infected 50% male normal50% female normal, 50 female carrier.

Explanation:

Hemophilia is an inherited disease and it follows  an X-linked recessive pattern. The genes for hemophilia disease are located on the X chromosome. In males one mutated copy of the chromosome X  is sufficient to cause the condition, because male contain only one gene. Female  contain XX chromosome, so both the chromosome must have mutated for causing this disease.

According to  study of  Queen Victoria (1891-1901) of England, Alice's daughter Alix was X linked carrier and George V was normal male,

so if they got married, their children would be  

parents genotype  X X*   XY

progeny  

XX, XY, X*X, X*Y

50% males would be  infected

50% male normal

50% female normal,

50 female carrier.

The answer is magnitude measures the effects of an earthquake on the area , while the intensity measures the strength of an earthquake.

answer: - b cells

explanation: -

there are many types of white blood cells present in our body. one such class of white blood cells are the lymphocytes. the b cells belong to the lymphocyte class of wbcs. the b cells perform their action against the pathogen by producing specialised proteins called as antibodies. these antibodies are produced as and when the b cells encounter pathogens in response to the antigens present on the surface of the pathogen. these antibodies bind to the antigens present on the pathogen and then, target them for destruction by other cells of the immune system.

so, the b cells mediate their action by identifying the antigens present on the surface of the pathogens and then producing antibodies in return to mediate its effect.