Prior to the work of Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, what was the universal belief about the origin of all species?

An higher being, or God created them.

Explanation:

This may not be the exact answer you are looking for, but lots of people looked to higher beings to make sense of the world before science.

All species of organisms appeared on Earth at the same time and have remained relatively unchanged.

Explanation:

answer >   yes we do, women; have three holes, urethral opening(pee hole, vagina, and the women pee/girls pee out of the urethra like the men do; only they have a single opening to pee/ejaculate.   (sorry if i'm too forward with this, but this is for a biology class, isn't it? )

hope that !         : )

it is because according to the process , scientific inquiry is a process with many steps because each step occurs to the scientist and if you just skip a step there would be no steps to scientific inquiry.