Patient A Normal Ranges Hb (hemoglobin) 5g/dL Male: 13.5-16.5 g/dL Female: 12.0-15.0 g/dL RBC (red blood cell count) 4.6 ×106 cells/ml Male: 4.5-5.5 × 106 cells/ml Female: 4.0-4.9 × 106 cells/ml WBC (white blood cell count) 15,000 cells/ml 4,500-10,000 cells/ml Platelet count 250,000 100,000-450,000
Based on the table above, patient A suffers from

hemophilia, due to underproduction of hemoglobin

hemophilia, due to overproduction of white blood cells

anemia, due to underproduction of hemoglobin

anemia, due to overproduction of white blood cells

Patient A is suffering from anemia, due to underproduction of hemoglobin

Explanation:

Patient A’s blood cell count:

Hemoglobin: 5g/dL

RBC: 4.6 x 106 cells/ml

WBC: 15,000 cells/ml

Platelets: 250,000

Results inferred from the count: Low hemoglobin, low normal RBC, high WBC, normal platelets count

Hemophilia is an inherited blood clotting disorder, where due to excessive bleeding, blood hemoglobin, RBC, and platelets can go lower. The low hemoglobin is due excessive loss of blood and not due to underproduction of hemoglobin. Moreover, patient A’s platelet count is normal. Hence, hemophilia can be ruled out.

Since the hemoglobin and RBC count is low, it clearly indicates low production of these blood cell components, leading to anemia. However, the increase in WBC leads can be due any other underlying medical conditions like infections, hemolytic anemia, leukemia etc.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.