How does sickle -cell disease exemplify the concept of pleiotropy? please help

Explanation:

Pleiotropism refers to a condition in organisms when a single gene which controls one trait indirectly influences other unrelated traits in the organism.

The case of sickle cell anaemia can be considered a pleiotropic case as the gene which causes the mutation in the haemoglobin gene changes the shape of the red blood cell also causes the change in the fibrosis of the spleen due to accumulation of the RBC in the spleen, blockage of blood flow which leads to pain in different parts of the body and the kidney and heart failure.

Thus, a single gene can control more than one phenotype and sickle cell is considered pleiotropic effect.

a neutral ph of 7 and normal organism temperature is needed for a certain enzyme to be effective.  

what would happen to the enzyme if the ph and/or temperature fluctuate greatly from the norm?  

a.the enzyme’s hydrogen bonds will break.  

b.the activation energy will increase.  

c.more product will be formed.

d.the ideal temperature and ph for the enzyme function will decrease.  

a

explanation:

many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. horticulturalists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative plant parts to replicate plants. success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly. monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium and therefore are harder to propagate.