A national park needs to perform selective logging in their forested area. In order for logging trucks to access the area, roads will need to be installed across a previously undisturbed area of forest. The forest is home to many species of trees (hickories, oaks, and maples), multiple herbivores (deer, rabbits, squirrels), and higher level consumers as well (wolves, hawks). Which of these is an environmental impact due to an increased road construction in the park?

A) Increased growth of shade tolerant trees
B) Increased nesting sites for birds of prey
C) Increased water recharge areas after precipitation
D) Increased predation and fatalities at the edge of the habitats adjacent to the road