In your own words describe the production of urine using the following terms: kidney, renal arteries, nephron, glomerulus,
Bowman's capsule, convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, and bladder.

Production of urine

Explanation:

The three major steps in urine formation in the urinary system are – glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion – all of which results in removal of waste and excessive water from the body.

Kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system which takes part in the formation of urine. The kidneys are supplied by the renal arteries and capillaries. Each kidney consist numerous functional units called nephrons. Each nephron has a renal corpuscular and a tubular structure.

The renal corpuscle holds the Bowman’s capsule which contains the tuft of blood capillaries called the glomerulus. Glomerular filtration of blood plasma flowing in its capillary systems filters filterable components of blood like water and smaller solute particles leaving behind non-filterable blood cells, large proteins, etc. The filtered components gets collected in the glomerulus and forms the glomerular filtrate.

This filtrate then travels through the tubular structure – convoluted tubule and Loop of Henle, where reabsorption of water and nutrient ions takes place.

The remaining waste ions, and hydrogen ions are then collected in the collecting tubule. This is secretion of urine which then passes to the urinary bladder through the ureters.  

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle