Match the type of bond with the role below:

Bond_type Role

(a) phosphodiester ___ links base to pentose in nucleotide
(b) N-glycosidic ___ joins adjacent nucleotides in one strand
(c) phosphate ester ___ joins complementary nucleotides in two

strands(d) hydrogen ___ difference between a nucleoside and a

nucleotide

(a) Phosphodiester -  joins adjacent nucleotides in one strand

(b) N-glycosidic - links base to pentose in nucleotide

(c) Phosphate ester - difference between a nucleoside and a  nucleotide

(d) Hydrogen - joins complementary nucleotides in two  strands

Explanation:

Phosphodiester linkage: One nucleotide in a strand of DNA/RNA is joined to another nucleotide with the help of a phosphodiester bond in which 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule is linked to the 5' carbon atom of the adjacent nucleotide. It is a covalent bond which is formed between two sugars and a phosphate group so as to make sugar phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA.

N-glycosidic linkage: This bond exists between a sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base. For example: The first carbon of ribose sugar interacts with N1 of pyrimidine base so as to form N-glycosidic bond.

Phosphate ester: The difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside is that a nucleoside lacks a phosphate group so it means a nucleoside will only have a sugar molecule attached to the nitrogenous base. In contrast to this, a nucleotide will have all three components i.e. a sugar molecule attached to the nitrogenous base along with that it will have a phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule through covalent phosphodiester bond. By all this we can easily infer that the only difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside is of phosphate ester.

Hydrogen bond: The complementary nucleotides in two anti parallel helices of DNA are joined with each other with the help of hydrogen bond, it is also known as Watson–Crick base pairing. A and T of two strands interact with the help of 2 hydrogen bonds while C and G interact with the help of 3 hydrogen bonds.

they have identical fossils of organisms that have evolved over time.

both have animal fossils preserved in them due to weathering and erosion.

they contain different fossils because life on earth has changed through time.

the fossils in them were formed on the surface of earth due to exposure to sunlight.