. How have scientists determined the composition of earth's mantle and core?

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Explanation: Measurements of surface chemical composition, either by direct sampling (as has been done on Earth, the moon, and Mars) or through spectroscopic observations, can be used to estimate elemental abundances and the degree of chemical differentiation that occurred as the planets condensed from the solar nebula.

correct answer: biotic and abiotic limitations

carrying capacity is defined as the total number of an organism who can be supported in a given area within the natural resources limit and without harming or degrading the natural, economic or the cultural environment present for the future generations.

carrying capacity is determined by the limiting factors, which are known to affect the natural resources available. it may include water, nutrients, minerals, space, light etc.

explanation:

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the answer is d p: cell, q: organ, r: organ system, s: tissue