Strains of pathogens that mildly harm, but do not kill, the host plant are termed . a. salicylic b. avirulent c. herbivores d. jasmonic e. virulent

Explanation:

1. An avirulent pathogen gains enough access to its host plant to enable it to perpetuate itself  mildly harm  without severely damaging or killing the host plant  

2. Avirulent pathogen Not highly infective or likely to cause disease

3.  Avirulent - not virulent and unable to produce disease.

4.  Infecting  a host plant with a strain of virus  which causing the host only mild disease symptoms and no severe disease ; known as  avirulent strain.

answer: accepted answer: aquatic animals use the oxygen dissolved in water to carry out respiration. since the amount of dissolved oxygen in water is low as compared to the amount of oxygen in the air, therefore the rate of breathing in aquatic animals is much faster than it is in terrestrial animals.

explanation:

the circled areas are referred to   as sunspots.   the sunspots are cooler than the   surrounding area.

sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. they correspond to concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere.