What is the minimum number of cycles necessary to replicate a fragment of DNA over 500 times? How did u determine this?

The correct answer is "9 cycles".

Explanation:

The minimum number of cycles necessary to replicate a fragment of DNA over 500 times is 9 cycles. In Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, the fragments of DNA are doubled in each cycle. This means that after "n" cycles, the total number of fragments is given by the equation 2^n. In this case, after 9 cycles a total of 512 DNA fragments will be obtained, because 2^9 is equal to 512.

igneous rocks are formed by solidification of cooled magma (molten rock), with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.  

the composition depends on the source magma. there are almost a thousand types of composition found till now.  

hope this