The solid layer making up
the surface of the Earth that
is composed of the outer
layer of the upper manlle
and the crust

The solid layer making up  the surface of the Earth is the crust

Explanation:

Lithosphere is the solid layer making the surface of the upper mantle and Earth Crust

Explanation:

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.

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