Imagine that your lab is synthesizing a new type of cell. One of your colleagues suggests that your synthetic cell should use prokaryotic systems for all the steps of gene expression (transcription and translation) because prokaryotic protein synthesis is faster than eukaryotic protein synthesis. What characteristics of prokaryotic transcription and translation make the overall process faster than in eukaryotes

In a scenario in which I have to synthesize a cell and decide why I have to pick one from Prokaryotic or eukaryotic because of their differences in the speed of the process. The characteristics that make it faster in prokaryotic cells are:

The primary transcript in prokaryotes does not undero further processing, so transation can begin immediatly.

Multiple proteins can be synthetized from a single polycistronic MRNA molecule.

Prokaryotes lack a nuclear envelope, so translation can begin on mRNA even before transcription of the mRNA is complete.

Explanation:

The nature of Prokaryotes makes them undergo the synthesizing process quicker than Eukaryotes because they don't require a preliminary process to start it as Eukaryotes have to undergo one. This is because their composition, Eukaryotes are cells without many organelles like mitochondria or even nucleus. this is also the reason for eukaryotes to be slower in the process of synthesizing mRNA because they don't have organelles to process it faster. Finally, because they don't have a nucleus to help them assimilate the mRNA.

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as in mitosis, dna replication occurs during interphase.   in meiosis, it occurs specifically in s phase of interphase 1.