Chipmunk mitochondrial DNA was fingerprinted using the single primer amplified region technique (SPAR) and the PCR reaction. One four base primer was used. If the DNA from chipmunk mitochondria is a circlular piece of DNA about 16000 base pairs long, how many fragments should be produced by this technique?

The correct answer is about 63 fragments.

Explanation:

As mentioned in the question, there are four base pairs in a primer. So, let us consider the sequence of the primer to be 3'-ATGC-5'. Hence, the primer would complementarily combine to the sequence 5'-TAGC-3', and will carry on with the work of adding nucleotides.  

Now, the probability of the appearance of TACG, that is, any four base sequence will be,  

Probability of T will be 1/4 due to the presence of four different nucleotides.  

Similarly, the probability of the bases A, C and G will also be 1/4.  

Therefore, the probability of the four base sequence will be 1/4 * 1/4 * 1/4 * 1/4 = 1/256

Now, as the length of the base pairs sequence is 16000, therefore, the number of the given four base sequence will be 16000/256 = 62.5.  

Hence, about 63 distinct fragments would be produced.  

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explanation:

why many students visually perceive stem as a vapid class?

for many students, however, stem subjects are optically discerned as vapid, tedious, and destitute of authentic-world applications. science and math have always been a major part of the high school curriculum, but many students have disengaged from these subjects because they don’t optically discern that they have any pertinence to the authentic world or students’ daily lives. for them, math and science have become a set of rules, procedures, laws, theorems, and formulas to memorize. some students even develop math apprehensiveness and cerebrate they are incapable of learning higher-level mathematics.

why is stem paramount?

as the u.s. economy changes, the ordinant dictation for stem-capable workers is growing. in may of 2014, the u.s. bureau of labor statistics counted more than 8.3 million stem jobs, which accounted for 6.2 percent of total employment in the cumulated states. that number is expected to perpetuate to increment as u.s. companies grow and innovate to compete in the ecumenical economy. according to the u.s. department of labor, the average salary for all stem jobs is $85,570, which is virtually double the average salary for all jobs.

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