A complete plant gene containing four introns and five exons is carried on a 6.0-kb DNA fragment. DNA sequencing analysis finds that this fragment contains 1000 base pairs that flank the transcribed region of the gene and 5000 base pairs that are transcribed. Four introns contain 3500 base pairs, and five exons contain 1500 base pairs. Northern blot analysis is performed on RNA of this gene using a probe that binds to a portion of one of the exons. RNA isolated from the cytoplasm of cells is compared to RNA isolated from cell nuclei on the northern blot.?

What types of energy transfers and energy transportations are involved in the domino chain reaction?

Mutations associated with albinism affect proteins involved in synthesis

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.