Cells use membranes to help maintain set ranges of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell. Which ions is the most abundant outside a typical mammalian cell?

4.06 hc)a five-year review of threats to the southern resident orca population of the united states concluded that the top threats were prey availability, contaminants, and effects from recreational and whale watching vessels. further down the list are oil spills, disease, and effects from commercial vessels not targeting whales. how might this list be different if it were for transient whale populations, which have a larger average population size and live farther offshore in open waters? a)the transient population is more likely to be affected by contaminants. b)the transient population is less likely to be affected by whale watching vessels. c)the transient population is more likely to be affected by disease. d)the transient population is less likely to be affected by prey availability.

Akrabby blind whale has married pearl who has normal vision. oneof their two sons is also colorblind. what arr the genotypes of the parents?

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.