QUESTION 1: The term "Central Dogma" was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick, discoverer of the structure of DNA, to describe the flow of genetic information. In 2-3 complete sentences describe how DNA (genetic information) influences phenotype (physical traits).

Explanation:

Central dogma represents the pathway in which the information encoded in the DNA flows into proteins.

The DNA is made up of the nucleotide monomers in which the nitrogenous bases are present as one of the constituents. These bases are present in the sequence are transcribed into the RNA molecule through the process of transcription.

The nitrogenous sequences in this RNA molecule are then translated into the proteins through the process of translation during which the sequence is read in pairs of three called "codons". A specific amino acid is attached to the peptide when the codons are read by the translation machinery and a protein is formed.

These proteins could perform various roles in organisms from physical to biochemical and thus the physical traits are controlled by the DNA.

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